Long-Term Effect of a Tablet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention on Step Count, Fatigue, Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life in Older Adults With Arthritis: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effect of a tablet-based, cognitive-behavioral group intervention (Tab-G) to improve daily walking for older adults with arthritis. METHOD: Using an experimental pretest/posttest repeated measure design, long-term effects on step count, fatigue, self-efficacy, and quality of life (QOL) were investigated. RESULTS: Results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant improvement in step counts (F[1, 37] = 4.18, p = 0.048), fatigue (F[1, 36] = 9.971, p = 0.003), self-efficacy (F[1,28] = 4.645, p = 0.04), and QOL (F[1, 29] = 6.147, p = 0.019) in the Tab-G group compared to the control group. There were significant time effects across four time points (baseline and Weeks 4, 8, and 10) in fatigue (F[3, 108] = 5.43, p = 0.002), self-efficacy (F[3, 84] = 5.433, p = 0.002), and QOL (F[3, 87] = 3.673, p = 0.015), but not in step counts (F[3, 111] = 0.611, p = 0.609). CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrate positive long-term effects on fatigue in older adults with arthritis. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(5), 35-42.].

The use of physical restraints and PRN medications in adolescent psychiatric inpatient units.

PROBLEM: Although physical restraint practices and psychotropic/sedative pro re neta (PRN, as needed) medications have been commonly used for managing inpatient aggression, little is known about the characteristics of adolescents who receive them in psychiatric adolescent inpatient units. We aimed to determine the relationship between the use of physical restraints and psychotropic/sedative PRN medications, and to characterize individual attributes, substance use, clinical factors, and time of the first restraint episodes of the use of physical restraints and psychotropic/sedative PRN medications. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study approach was used with the data from electronic health records at a pediatric psychiatric hospital in the United States. Descriptive statistics, χ2 , multivariate logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazard model were used. FINDINGS: Participants of younger age and participants with a longer length of stay were significantly associated with the use of physical restraints and psychotropic/sedative PRN medications, although the substance-related risks were not significantly associated with the use of restraints. Physical restraints were more likely to have occurred soon after the admission and tapered off as the length of stay increased. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important information in understanding the risk factors of the use of restraints and psychotropic/sedative PRN medications in psychiatric adolescent inpatient units.

Nursing Students' Use of Harm Reduction in the Clinical Setting.

BACKGROUND: The use and awareness of harm reduction education strategies are missing from nursing care of people with substance use disorder (SUD). PURPOSE: To determine whether targeted training improved nursing students' application of harm reduction education in the clinical setting. METHODS: This was an experimental 2-group repeated-measures survey study. Nursing students in a baccalaureate program received targeted training for 3 semesters. Training included presentations by people with lived experience, an addiction-trained physician, and a role-play exercise. Students received harm reduction education and reported on the application of this education. RESULTS: Students in the traditional track cared for more people with SUD than students in the accelerated track. Referral for treatment was the most common education provided, and information related to injection drug use was the least commonly taught education. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted training increased the number of harm reduction options nursing students presented to people with SUD in the clinical setting.

Tablet-based cognitive behavioral intervention to improve arthritis associated fatigue: A pilot study.

This pilot study evaluated the effect of the tablet-based cognitive behavioral intervention ("Tab-CBI") on daily steps, fatigue, and self-efficacy. Tab-CBI combined simple walking and a cognitive behavioral approach. An experimental pretest-posttest repeated measures design was used with 24 older adults. RM-ANOVA results showed a significant group difference (Tab-CBI vs. Comparison), F (1, 22) = 2.25, p =0.048 and time difference (baseline vs. week 4 vs. week 6), F (2, 44) =5.04, p =0.01 in daily steps. There was no significant group difference, F (1, 22) = 2.99, p =0.09, but significant time difference existed, F (2, 44) =2.65, p =0.04 in the PROMIS Fatigue scores. In the PROMIS Self-efficacy scores, no significant group difference, F (1, 22) = 0.02, p =0.90) was found, but significant time difference existed, F (2, 44) =3.27, p = 0.04. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the positive impact of Tab-CBI, but should be interpreted cautiously.

Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality in Nursing Education: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Digital education using immersive virtual reality (VR) technology is available in nursing. Evidence of its effectiveness is essential. PURPOSE: This review analyzed the effectiveness of and barriers to using immersive VR in nursing education. METHODS: A structured search was performed in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument was used to assess the quality of studies. RESULTS: The final review was composed of 9 studies of moderate to high quality published between 2018 and 2020. The review indicated that immersive VR increased learning, cognitive, and psychomotor performance. Most participants of the studies preferred using immersive VR in education and with a variety of experiential scenarios. Barriers were associated with technological hardware and software (eg, simulation sickness, lack of visual comfort). CONCLUSION: The review supports the viability of immersive VR technology in nursing education.

Building Therapeutic Commitment in University Nursing Students.

BACKGROUND: Nurses report feeling unprepared to care for people with a substance use disorder (SUD). PURPOSE: The purpose was to determine whether targeted antistigma interventions improved nursing students' attitudes and perceived stigma toward people with SUD. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental, repeated-measures survey study. Participants completed the 20-item Drug and Drug Problems Questionnaire (DDPPQ) and the 8-item Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS) at baseline and postintervention in their first clinical semester. Booster sessions were held for 2 additional clinical semesters after the initial intervention in the first clinical semester. The DDPPQ and PSAS were completed at the end of each semester for 3 semesters of the nursing program. RESULTS: After the educational interventions, there was a significant improvement in overall therapeutic attitudes except for 1 sub-scale, role-related self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Antistigma interventions led to a decrease in stigma and improved overall therapeutic attitudes toward people with SUD.

Exploring Impact of Marijuana (Cannabis) Abuse on Adults Using Machine Learning.

Marijuana is the most common illicit substance globally. The rate of marijuana use is increasing in young adults in the US. The current environment of legalizing marijuana use is further contributing to an increase of users. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of adults who abuse marijuana (20-49 years old) and analyze behavior and social relation variables related to depression and suicide risk using machine-learning algorithms. A total of 698 participants were identified from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey as marijuana dependent in the previous year. Principal Component Analysis and Chi-square were used to select features (variables) and mean imputation method was applied for missing data. Logistic regression, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbor machine-learning algorithms were used to build depression and suicide risk prediction models. The results showed unique characteristics of the group and well-performing prediction models with influential risk variables. Identified risk variables were aligned with previous studies and suggested the development of marijuana abuse prevention programs targeting 20-29 year olds with a regular depression and suicide screening. Further study is suggested for identifying specific barriers to receiving timely treatment for depression and suicide risk.

Substance Use Disorder and Correctional Health: Social Justice Course Development.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well a Faculty First-Year Seminar incorporated criminal justice health (CJH) and substance use disorder (SUD) content. Students completed a survey during the first and last classes of the semester, evaluating their level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding SUD in criminal justice (CJ) involved persons. Answers to both open-ended and close-ended questions were evaluated. Students reported significantly higher confidence in course content after the semester compared with baseline. Findings indicated students' increased confidence in knowledge of CJH in individuals with SUD, and of CJ policy and advocacy. Social justice course content can be successfully developed and evaluated for nursing curricula.

Usability testing of tablet-based cognitive behavioral intervention application to improve a simple walking activity for older adults with arthritis fatigue.

The purpose of this study was to test usability of a tablet-based cognitive behavioral intervention ("Tab-CBI") application. Tab-CBI was designed to improve a simple walking activity for older adults with arthritis fatigue. Two phases of usability evaluation were conducted: phase I with 5 older adults to identify any initial design issues and phase II with 10 older adults to examine if Tab-CBI was seamlessly integrated into their daily living. Participants perceived that Tab-CBI was easy, light, and intuitive to use and helped them walking. They reported two key benefit as a motivator to make more active in walking and improved confidence of self-management of fatigue. They referred video recordings and videoconferencing communications as two preferable features. There were also comments for improvement, for example, a challenge for holding a tablet when videoconferencing communications. Participants comments were incorporated into a final version of Tab-CBI to prepare for a future pilot study.

Developing an Innovative Tablet-Based Walking Program to Improve Arthritis Fatigue.

Fatigue associated with arthritis is highly prevalent and interferes with patients' daily routines. An interdisciplinary research team developed the Tablet-based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (Tab-CBI) for older adults with arthritis fatigue. The goal of the Tab-CBI is to alleviate fatigue by promoting a simple walking activity. The Tab-CBI application used off-the-shelf technologies and was implemented on a mini-tablet computer. The four key components of Tab-CBI are: (a) multimedia cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-based educational modules; (b) videoconferencing communication; (c) individualized goal setting; and (d) electronic data submission. Experts perceived that the Tab-CBI was engaging and user friendly, and effective in improving simple walking routines and alleviating fatigue. Experts' feedback was incorporated into refining the Tab-CBI. The current study demonstrated that the Tab-CBI has potential to be a useful innovation for fatigue management in older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46(10), 13-18.].

Older adults' experiences with a tablet-based self-management intervention for diabetes mellitus type II: A qualitative study.

Technological interventions to support self-management can potentially help older adults manage their health, live active lives, and maintain their independence. The objective of this study was to assess individuals' experiences and perceptions of using a tablet-based application for 30 days as a component of routine diabetes self-management care in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the context of daily living. A qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews was used. The participants found the tablet-based application to be a beneficial and valuable component of their routine self-management activities. Five themes emerged from the interviews, namely self-dependence, awareness, positive impact on attitude and behavior, support, and balance. Findings from the individual interviews indicate that technological applications have a unique potential to support the foundations for attitude and behavioral changes toward self-management behaviors and activities, thus improving clinical outcomes.

Self-management after hospitalisation.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to explore the processes used by older individuals to self-manage their health during the first 30 days after being discharged from the hospital. The underlying philosophy for this research was symbolic interactionism. From this perspective, individuals make meaning out of their experiences and act on the basis of those meanings. BACKGROUND: Little is known about the processes older adults use to adjust to and self-manage their evolved health status after returning home from the hospital. Few studies have explored this period from the perspective of the older individual living in the situation. METHODS: We used case study method to develop a collective, instrumental case to explain the phenomena of older individuals self-managing their health after hospitalisation. Data included interviews, participant diaries and researcher field notes. RESULTS: The sample included three women who were at least 75 years old, had been hospitalised for at least 24 hr and had been discharged within the week prior to the first interview. Data from the participants were used to create a composite case, Mrs. C. She managed her autonomy, activity, attitude, health and relationships across three phases of posthospitalisation, returning home, adjusting and the evolved normal. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insight into the experience of older individuals during the first 30 days after a stay in a healthcare facility and supports previous research findings regarding hospitalisation and self-management of chronic health problems. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings provide evidence that returning home is a process that usually takes about a month to get into a new routine. Nurses can use this case study to describe some people's experience after discharge, and to help the older individual to identify friends and family who can provide physical and emotional support during the time immediately after discharge.

Predicting Depression Among Community Residing Older Adults: A Use of Machine Learning Approch.

The study demonstrated an application of machine learning techniques in building a depression prediction model. We used the NSHAP II data (3,377 subjects and 261 variables) and built the models using a logistic regression with and without L1 regularization. Depression prediction rates ranged 58.33% to 90.48% and 83.33% to 90.44% in the model with and without L1 regularization, respectively. The moderate to high prediction rates imply that the machine learning algorithms built the prediction models successfully.

Web-Based, Pictograph-Formatted Discharge Instructions for Low-Literacy Older Adults After Hip Replacement Surgery: Findings of End-User Evaluation of the Website.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop web-based, pictograph-formatted discharge instructions and evaluate the website with intended users to maximize the relevance and clarity of the website. DESIGN: A descriptive study. METHODS: Low-literacy text and 45 sets of pictographs were implemented in web-based instructions. The content, design, function, and navigation of the website were reviewed by 15 low-literate older adults following hip replacement surgery. FINDINGS: Participants observed that the simple line drawings with clear background were well suited to web pages and helped to convey the points made. They also suggested changes such as adding an additional alphabetical index menu to enhance easy navigation and removing hypertext links to avoid distraction. CONCLUSIONS: Web-based, pictograph-formatted discharge instructions were well received by low-literate older adults, who perceived the website easy to use and understand. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A pictograph-formatted approach may provide effective strategies to promote understanding of lengthy, complex action-based discharge instructions in rehabilitation facilities.

Enhancing Patient Safety Using Clinical Nursing Data: A Pilot Study.

To enhance patient safety from falls, many hospital information systems have been implemented to collect clinical data from the bedside and have used the information to improve fall prevention care. However, most of them use administrative data not clinical nursing data. This necessitated the development of a web-based Nursing Practice and Research Information Management System (NPRIMS) that processes clinical nursing data to measure nurses' delivery of fall prevention care and its impact on patient outcomes. This pilot study developed computer algorithms based on a falls prevention protocol and programmed the prototype NPRIMS. It successfully measured the performance of nursing care delivered and its impact on patient outcomes using clinical nursing data from the study site. Results of the study revealed that NPRIMS has the potential to pinpoint components of nursing processes that are in need of improvement for preventing patient from falls.

Effect of Pictograph-Based Discharge Instructions on Older Adults' Comprehension and Recall: A Pilot Study.

Many older adults return home with limited comprehension of hospital discharge instructions because current text-based instructions are difficult to understand. To address this issue, the author developed discharge instructions using pictographs (i.e., simple line drawings showing step-by-step discharge actions) for older adults under care of hip replacement surgery. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of pictograph-based discharge instructions on comprehension and recall of older adults with low literacy skills. A posttest-only comparison group design was used to compare pictograph-based (n = 21) to text-only (n = 21) discharge instructions at 4 weeks after discharge instruction education. Significantly greater improvements in scores on comprehension and recall were demonstrated by the pictograph group than the text-only group. A follow-up, full-scale study is suggested to examine the effect of pictograph-based instructions on adherence to instructions and health outcomes.

Optimizing medication safety in the home.

Medication safety among community-dwelling older adults in the United States is an ongoing health issue impacting health outcomes, chronic disease management, and aging in place at home. This article describes a medication safety improvement project that aimed to: (1) Increase the ability of participants to manage medications, (2) Identify and make necessary medication changes, (3) Create an accurate up-to-date medication list to be available in the home, and (4) Provide communication between the primary care provider, participant, and case manager. An in-home medication assessment was completed for 25 participants using an evidence-based medication management software system. This process was used to review medications; identify medication-related problems; create a shared medication list; and convey this information to the primary care provider, case manager, and client while addressing needed medication changes. Educational interventions on management and understanding of medications were provided to participants to emphasize the correct use of medications and use of a personal medication record. Outcome improvements included provision of an accurate medication list, early identification of medication-related problems, identification of drug duplication, and identification of medication self-management challenges that can be useful for optimizing medication safety-related home healthcare and inform future interventions.

Representing nursing guideline with unified modeling language to facilitate development of a computer system: a case study.

To provide best recommendations at the point of care, guidelines have been implemented in computer systems. As a prerequisite, guidelines are translated into a computer-interpretable guideline format. Since there are no specific tools to translate nursing guidelines, only a few nursing guidelines are translated and implemented in computer systems. Unified modeling language (UML) is a software writing language and is known to well and accurately represent end-users' perspective, due to the expressive characteristics of the UML. In order to facilitate the development of computer systems for nurses' use, the UML was used to translate a paper-based nursing guideline, and its ease of use and the usefulness were tested through a case study of a genetic counseling guideline. The UML was found to be a useful tool to nurse informaticians and a sufficient tool to model a guideline in a computer program.